Claude 模型自主选择基因疗法并操作小鼠大脑，无人类决策

An AI agent running on Claude Sonnet 5 picked the drug, brain region, and injection coordinates for brain surgery on a mouse, then controlled the procedure through a motorized surgical rig. According to Gabriel Ocana-Santero of the startup Exin Therapeutics, this is the first time an AI agent has both chosen a treatment and delivered it to a living mammal. Mid-surgery, the agent refused to continue after detecting a calibration error, unwilling to exceed its safety limits. An AI agent chose a drug, target region, and coordinates for surgery on a mouse model of epilepsy, then performed the procedure. Midway through, it refused to bypass a safety restriction. The team gave Claude Sonnet 5 a list of 19 possible gene therapies, an epilepsy mouse model in which researchers induce seizures to test treatments, and access to a custom motorized surgical device with cameras. Its only instruction was to reduce the mouse's seizures. The agent selected the drug, brain region, and stereotactic coordinates on its own, according to Gabriel Ocana-Santero, Exin Therapeutics cofounder and CEO and a PhD student at the University of Oxford. He described the procedure in a thread on X . Ad The agent first analyzed how seizures arise in this particular model, then proposed a therapy that boosts a specific inhibitory signaling pathway in the brain. It picked a brain structure that the scientific literature identifies as the origin point for this type of seizure. Ad It rejected a second possible target region with a detailed explanation, arguing that the region's effects were too unreliable and had failed in one study against the exact seizure type it was supposed to treat. The agent derived its injection coordinates from three scientific papers, cross-checked the reference points, and averaged the values. It also set the injection volume, speed, and wait times on its own. During the procedure, the agent watched the surgical field through a camera and made 32 observations, Ocana-Santero says. It tracked the injection and reported whether it saw bleeding. Ad A licensed veterinarian approved every irreversible step and held a physical emergency stop that would immediately cut power to all motors, while the setup also enforced fixed limits such as a cap on injection volume that the agent was expressly forbidden from bypassing. But those safeguards turned against the team. After a connection dropped, the agent detected that its calculated target position was outside the device's physical range of motion and refused to continue, even when restarting calibration did not change its assessment and a third attempt was made. Ad The agent turned out to be right, because manual adjustments during an earlier pause had thrown off the control system. Ocana-Santero could not persuade it to proceed despite the anesthetized animal on the table and ultimately had to fix the code by hand. Ad